ASTM F1166-21 Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities<rangeref></rangeref >

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ASTM F1166-21

Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities

- 발행일 : 2021-06-15
- 발행기관 : ASTM

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01.07 : 조선 기술 (Ⅰ)

적용범위

1.1?This practice provides ergonomic design criteria from a human-machine perspective for the design and construction of maritime vessels and structures and for equipment, systems, and subsystems contained therein, including vendor-purchased hardware and software.

1.1.1?The focus of these design criteria is on the design and evaluation of human-machine interfaces, including the interfaces between humans on the one side and controls and displays, physical environments, structures, consoles, panels and workstations, layout and arrangement of ship spaces, maintenance workplaces, labels and signage, alarms, computer screens, material handling, valves, and other specific equipment on the other.

1.2?The criteria contained within this practice shall be applied to the design and construction of all hardware and software within a ship or maritime structure that the human crew members come in contact in any manner for operation, habitability, and maintenance purposes.

1.3?Unless otherwise stated in specific provisions of a ship or maritime structure design contract or specification, this practice is to be used to design maritime vessels, structures, equipment, systems, and subsystems to fit the full potential user population range of 5th?% females to 95th?% males.

1.4?This practice is divided into the following sections and subsections:

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section and Subsections	Title
1	Scope
2	Referenced Documents
3	Terminology
4	Significance and Use
5	Controls
5.1	Principles of Control Design
5.2	General Design Guidelines
5.3	Control Movement
5.4	Control Spacing
5.5	Coding of Controls
5.6	Control Use and Design
6	Displays
6.1	Visual Displays
6.2	Location, Orientation, Lighting, and Arrangement of Displays
6.3	Display Illumination
6.4	Display Types
6.5	Audible Displays
7	Alarms
7.1	General Alarm Requirements
7.2	Visual Alarms
7.3	Audible Alarms
7.4	Voice Messages
7.5	Alarm Initiation Stations
7.6	Alarm Requirements by IMO
8	Integration of Controls, Displays, and Alarms
8.1	Principles of Design
8.2	Grouping Relationships?Principles of Arrangement
8.3	Separating Groupings
8.4	Position Relationships of Displays and Alarms
8.5	Position Relationships of Controls to Associated Displays and Alarms
8.6	Control and Display Movement Relationships
8.7	Spatial Relationship Between Controls, Displays, and Equipment
8.8	Alternative Approach to Grouping Design
8.9	Special Requirements for Control and Display Integration on Bridges
9	Anthropometry
9.1	General Design Requirements
9.2	Static Anthropometric Data
10	Workplace Arrangements
10.1	Basic Principles of Workplace Design
10.2	Seated Workstation
10.3	Standing Workstation
10.4	Kneeling Workstation
10.5	Squatting Workstation
10.6	Shelving
10.7	Status Boards and File Cabinets
10.8	Work Benches
10.9	Vertical Strainers and Filters
10.10	Reach Limitations at Workstations
10.11	Safety Eyewash Fountains and Showers
10.12	Pedestal-Mounted Controls and Displays
10.13	Hand Cranks and Pumps
10.14	Bulkhead-Mounted Equipment
10.15	Equipment Racks, Cabinets, and Individual Equipment Spacing
10.16	Consoles and Control Panels
10.17	Bridge Design
11	Access Aids: Stairs, Handrails, Railings, Vertical Ladders, Ramps, Doors, Lightening Holes, Hatches, Kick-Out Panels, Passageways and Walkways, and Work Platforms)
11.1	Stairs, Ladders, and Ramps
11.2	Stairs
11.3	Ramps
11.4	Vertical Ladders
11.5	Vertical Ladders with Safety Cages
11.6	Vertical Ladders with Positive Fall Protection Devices
11.7	Special Ladder Requirements
11.8	Handle/Hand Grab
11.9	Individual Rung Ladders
11.10	D-Ring Ladders
11.11	Handrails
11.12	Walkways, Passageways, and Alternate Means of Personnel Movement
11.13	Elevated Work Platforms
11.14	Hatches, Manways, Lightening Holes, Inspection Ports, and Kick-Out Panels
11.15	Doors and Arches
11.16	Permanent Means of Access (PMA)
12	Valve Placement, Orientation, and Location
12.1	General Design Requirements
12.2	Valve Criticality and Location
12.3	Valve-Mounting Heights and Orientations: Handwheel Operated
12.4	Valve-Mounting Heights and Orientations: Lever-Operated Valves
12.5	Alternative Valve Orientations
12.6	Valve Manifolds
13	Human-Computer Interface
13.1	General Design Requirements
13.2	System Operations
13.3	Computer Displays
13.4	Display Content
13.5	Display Coding
13.6	Dynamic Displays
13.7	Display Format
13.8	Textual Data Displays
13.9	Graphic Displays
13.10	Audio Displays
13.11	Data Entry
13.12	Interactive Control
13.13	Graphic Controls
13.14	Windows
13.15	Menus
13.16	Forms
13.17	Alarms
13.18	Language
13.19	Feedback
13.20	Prompts
13.21	Defaults
13.22	Error Management/Data Protection
13.23	Data Security
13.24	Help
13.25	Software
13.26	Data Transmission/Messaging
13.27	Input Devices
13.28	Cursors
13.29	Printing
14	Habitability
14.1	Noise
14.2	Indoor Climate
14.3	Lighting
14.4	Whole-body Vibration and Shock
15	Labeling
15.1	Design Criteria of Labels
15.2	Abbreviations
15.3	Symbols
15.4	Component Labels on Consoles and Panels
15.5	Equipment Identification Labels
15.6	Electrical System Labels
15.7	Room, Deck Space, and Void Identification Labels
15.8	Pipe Marker Labels
15.9	Safe Working Load Identification Labels
15.10	Load Weight Identification Labels
15.11	Hazard Identification Signs
15.12	Information Signs
15.13	Instruction Labels
15.14	Graphical Schematics or Diagrams
15.15	Orientation Plans
15.16	Emergency Instructions
16	Material Handling
16.1	Design to Support Manual Material Lifting and Carrying
16.2	Weight Lifting
16.3	Weight Carrying
16.4	Design of Handles and Grasp Areas
16.5	Design of Auxiliary Hoisting and Carrying Devices
16.6	Hand Trucks and Wheeled Dollies
16.7	Crane Design
17	Design for Maintenance
17.1	General Design Requirements
17.2	Maintenance Accessibility
17.3	Maintenance Environments
17.4	Lubrication
17.5	Cases
17.6	Covers
17.7	Fasteners
17.8	Hatches, Manways, Lightening Holes for Maintenance Access
17.9	Diagnostics and Troubleshooting
17.10	Equipment Modularization
17.11	Equipment Mounting and Installation
17.12	Standardization
17.13	Electrical Wires and Cables
17.14	Conductors
17.15	Connectors
17.16	Test Equipment
17.17	Fuses and Circuit Breakers
17.18	Hydraulic Systems
17.19	Stored Energy Devices
17.20	Pipe Flanges, Spools, and Blinds
17.21	Test and Sample Points
18	Hazards and Safety
18.1	Hierarchy of Controls
18.2	Safety Labels, Signs, and Excluded Area Markings
18.3	General Workplace Hazards
18.4	General Equipment-Related Hazards
18.5	Electrical Hazards
18.6	Mechanical Hazards
18.7	Fluid Hazards
18.8	Safety Barriers
18.9	Fall Protection
18.10	Emergency Egress
19	Communications
19.1	Communication System Requirements
19.2	Microphones
19.3	Headsets
19.4	Loudspeakers
19.5	Telephone Systems
20	Keywords
21	Acknowledgement
Appendix X1	Small Boat and High Speed Craft (HSC) Appendix
Appendix X2	Human Factors Engineering (HFE) Design Checklist

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure	Title
1	Control Movement Expectations
2	Foot-Operated Switches Design Requirements
3	Pedal Location and Design Requirements
4	Lateral Spacing for Pedals
5	Design Criteria for Discrete Rotary Controls
6	Separation Requirements for Discrete Rotary Controls
7	Dimension, Resistance, and Separation of Continuous Rotary Controls
8	Proper Mounting of Rapidly Operated Cranks
9	Dimensions, Resistance, and Separations Required for Cranks
10	Design Criteria for Pushbuttons
11	Two Types of Legend Switches (Backlit Pushbuttons)
12	Size, Displacement, and Resistance for Legend Switches
13	Design Requirements for Various Types of Toggle Switches
14	Design Requirements for Rocker Switches
15	Dimensions, Resistance, and Separation for Discrete Slide Switch Controls
16	Dimensions, Resistance, and Separation for Continuous Slide Controls
17	Dimensions, Resistance, and Separation for Levers
18	Dimensions, Resistance, and Separation for Slide Levers
19	Dimensions, Displacement, and Separation of Push-Pull Controls
20	Visual Lines of Sight
21	Primary and Secondary Fields-of-view
22	Design Criteria for Major, Intermediate, and Minor Scale Markings
23	Scale Graduation, Pointer Position, and Scale Numbering Alternatives
24	Scale Number Placement
25	Color and Shape Coding of Ranges on an Analog Display
26	Zero Position and Pointer Movement for Circular Dial Displays
27	Aligned Pointers for Rapid Check Readings
28	Digital Display Design Requirements
29	Grouping Controls and Displays by Common Function
30	Grouping Controls and Displays by Individual Equipment
31	Mirror-Imaged Arrangement of Individual Equipment Control and Display Groupings (Not Recommended)
32	Grouping Controls and Displays by Common Equipment
33	Grouping Controls and Displays by Sequence of Use
34	Grouping with Physical Separation
35	Grouping with Boundary Lines and Borders
36	Grouping with Colored and Shaded Pads
37	Grouping with Sub-panels
38	Position of Individual Controls and Associated Displays for Right-handed Operator
39	Arrangement of Multiple Rows of Controls and Displays
40	Arrangement of Multiple Rows of Displays and a Single Row of Controls
41	Positional Relationship between Alarm, Display, and Control
42	Positional Relationship between Control Pointer and Status Indicator
43	Control and Display Movement Relationship
44	Spatial Relationship Between Controls, Displays, and Equipment
45	Spatial Relationships Between Equipment and Control Panels
46	Spatial Relationships for Redundant Controls and Displays
47	Panel Layout That Replicates Location of Equipment in Remote Space
48	Mimic of Physical Equipment Functional Layout
49	Mimic of Functional Groups Irrespective of Equipment Layout
50	Standing Body Dimensions
51	Seated Body Dimensions
52	Depth and Breadth Dimensions
53	Hand and Foot Dimensions
54	Gloved Hand Dimensions
55	Head Dimensions
56	Changes in Levels up to a Maximum of 6 mm (¹/₄?in.)
57	Seated Workspace Dimensions
58	Dimensions for a Computer Workstation
59	Dimensions for Single or Multiple Personnel at a Table or Other Duty Station Not Requiring a Desk
60	Seating at CRT-Type Workstations
61	Clearance Behind a Seated Workstation
62	Control Mounting Height for Seated Personnel
63	Display Mounting Height for Seated Personnel
64	Control Mounting Height for Standing Personnel
65	Display Mounting Height for Standing Personnel
66	Control Mounting Height for a Kneeling Person
67	Display Mounting Height for Kneeling Personnel
68	Required Dimensions for a Kneeling Worker
69	Control Mounting Height for Squatting Personnel
70	Display Mounting Heights for Squatting Personnel
71	Required Dimensions for a Squatting Worker
72	Workplace Dimensions for Shelves with Full Access
73	Workplace Dimensions for Shelves Located Above a Cabinet
74	Workplace Dimensions for Shelves Requiring Vision Over the Top
75	Front Clearance Requirement for Lower Shelves
76	Mounting Height of Status Boards
77	Clearance in Front of Filing Cabinets
78	Workbench Dimensions
79	Safe Reach Distances Over an Obstacle or Barrier
80	Mounting Heights for Bulkhead-mounted Equipment in Passageways
81	Mounting Heights for Common Electrical Fixtures
82	Direct Spatial Relationships Between Controls and Equipment
83	Spatial Relationship of Fore and Aft Equipment to Controls and Displays on a Console Located Athwartship
84	Seated Single-operator Console Dimensions
85	Wraparound Seated Console
86	Special Width Console
87	Multi-tiered Standing Console
88	Multi-tiered Seated Console
89	Dimensions for Desktop Standing Console
90	Cargo and Ballast Transfer Consoles
91	Stair Dimensions
92	Straight Run Ramp Dimensions
93	Ramp with Turning Platform
94	Ramp with Switchback Turning Platform
95	Vertical Ladder Dimensions
96	Dimensions for a Vertical Ladder Arrangement
97	Platform/Landing Dimensions for Vertical Ladder Penetration
98	Caged Ladder Dimensions
99	Cage Shape and Size
100	Ladder and Climber Safety Device Dimensions
101	Extended Railing for Ladder Fall Protection (Front View)
102	Extended Railing for Ladder Fall Protection (Side View)
103	Extended Railing and Cage for Ladder Fall Protection (Front View)
104	Extended Railing and Cage for Ladder Fall Protection (Side View)
105	Handles or Hand Grabs for Use as Ladder Extensions
106	Handle for Transition from a Ladder to an Intermediate Platform
107	Recommended Design Criteria for Individual Rung Ladders
108	Dimensions for D-Ring Ladders
109	Fixed Handrail Design
110	Removable Handrail Dimensions
111	Special Handrail Design Dimensions
112	Transition Handrail Dimensions
113	Additional Personnel Movement-related Design Features
114	Dimensions for Rectangular Access Openings Installed in a Vertical Orientation Requiring a Step to Reach the Opening
115	Dimensions for Rectangular, Square, and Round Hatches, Manways, and Lightening Holes
116	Dimensions for Lightening Holes
117	Access to Vertical Escape Hatches
118	Access to Overhead Hatch
119	Access into a Cargo Hold Through a Raised Hatch
120	Door Placement
121	Desirable Upper Limits for Handwheel Torque
122	Mounting Heights for Handwheel Valves With Vertical Stems
123	Mounting Heights for Handwheel Valves With Horizontal Stems
124	Mounting Heights for Handwheel Valves With Angled Stems
125	Mounting Heights for Lever-Operated Valves With Vertical Stems
126	Mounting Heights for Lever-Operated Valves With Horizontal Stems
127	Direction of Travel for Valve Levers Accessible From One Side Only
128	Physical Reach from a Stooping or Squatting Position
129	Mounting Position for Valve Levers and Handwheels Below Standing Surface
130	Orientation and Reach from Ladder Parallel to Valves
131	Orientation and Reach from Ladder Perpendicular to Valves
132	Operating Valves from a Ladder
133	Valve Manifold for Tanks Located Athwartship
134	Valve Manifold for Tanks Located Fore and Aft
135	Valve Manifold for Fill, High-suction, and Low-suction Valves
136	Default Push Button
137	Push Button States
138	Radio Buttons
139	Check Boxes
140	Slider Control
141	Message Window Design
142	Finger-Operated Displacement Joystick Specifications
143	Trackball Dimensions, Resistance, and Clearance
144	Permissible Noise Exposure Limits
145	Large Enclosure Ventilation Requirements
146	Surface Reflectance Values
147	Health Guidance Zones for Limited Exposures
148	Independent Symbols
149	Guidelines for Labels on Consoles and Panels
150	Control and Control Setting Labels
151	Control and Display Group Labels
152	Control Setting Labels for Multiple Controls
153	Equipment Label Format
154	Sensor Label
155	Pipe Marker Labels
156	Pipe Marker Labels with Two Colors
157	Hazard Signal Word Headers
158	Examples of Text and Symbol on Signs
159	Example of Information Sign
160	Handle Dimensions
161	Use of Hand Trucks
162	Use of Dollies
163	Case Orientation
164	Access Opening Covers
165	Example of Alignment Pins
166	Cable Arrangements
167	Suggested Cable Arrangement in a Junction Box
168	Fluid Line Connection Recommendations
169	Areas To Place Items on Bulkhead
170	Safety Barriers
X1.1	Primary and Secondary Fields of View

LIST OF TABLES
Table	Title
1	Recommended Manual Controls
2	Control Movement Expectations
3	Minimum Spacing Between Two Controls
4	Comparison of Displacement and Isometric Controls
5	Typical Status Display and Alarm Color Codes for North American Industry
6	Character Sizes for Digital Displays
7	Functional Evaluation of Types of Audio Signals
8	Guidelines for Color Coding of Visual Alarms
9	General Recommendations for Sound Loudness and Frequency
10	Guidelines for Selecting Audible Alarm Sounds
11	Clothing and Postural Effects
12	International Geographical Regions for Which Anthropometric Data Are Available
13	Standing Height Dimensions?International Population
14	Seated Eye Height Dimensions?International Population
15	Forward Functional Reach Dimensions?International Population
16	Male Anthropometric Data from Four Regions of the World
17	Female Anthropometric Data from Four Regions of the World
18	Weights for American Adult Females and Males
19	Seated Workspace Dimensions
20	Dimensions for a Seated Computer Workstation
21	Maximum Overhead Extended and Gripping Reach
22	Selection of Access Type
23	Stair Dimensions
24	Stair Widths
25	Handrail Arrangements
26	Recommended Ramp Angle Inclinations
27	Walkway and Passageway Dimensions
28	Dimensions for Additional Personnel Movement-related Features
29	Access Opening and Mounting Depth Dimensions for Levers and Handwheels Mounted Below the Standing Surface
30	System Response Time Limits
31	Advantages and Disadvantages of Nonkeyboard Input Devices
32	Keyboard Push-button Characteristics
33	Pointer Shapes and Associated Functions
34	Pointing Device Button Actions
35	Limiting Dimensions for Mouse
36	Maximum Permissible Noise Levels
37	Noise Attenuation from Hearing Protectors
38	Lighting Levels for Ships and Maritime Structures
39	Maximum Brightness Ratios
40	Operational Environment Types
41	Examples of Equipment Labels
42	Pipe Label Format
43	Example Color-Coding Scheme for Vessel/structure Piping
44	Chromaticity Coordinates for Color Coding
45	Message Text Character Heights
46	Design Weight Limits for Lifting
47	Design Weight Limits for Carrying
48	Limiting Factors
49	Seated, Forward Reach (Both Arms)
50	Cross-Legged Seated, Forward Reach (Both Arms)
51	Standing, Forward Reach (Both Arms)
52	Standing, Forward Reach (Preferred Arm)
53	Standing, Lateral Reach (Preferred Arm)
54	Opening Dimensions for Single-hand Access with Tools
55	Opening Dimensions for Single-hand Access without Tools
56	Opening Dimensions for Arm Access without Tools
57	Opening Dimensions for Two-hand Access
58	Thermal Temperature Limits
59	Shock Current Intensities and Their Probable Consequences
60	Minimum Speech Intelligibility Scores
X1.1	Visibility Standards for HSC and Small Boat Application
X1.2	Forward Functional Reach Measurements for North American Population
X2.1	Human Factors Checklist for Design

1.5?This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.6?This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

국제분류(ICS)코드

47.020.01 : 조선 및 해양 구조물 일반 기준

페이지수

233

Edition

이력정보

No.	표준번호	표준명	발행일	상태
1	ASTM F1166-23	Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities	2023-01-01	표준
2	ASTM F1166-23 REDLINE	Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities	2023-01-01	표준
3	ASTM F1166-22	Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities	2022-09-01	구판
4	ASTM F1166-22 REDLINE	Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities	2022-09-01	구판
5	ASTM F1166-21	Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities	2021-06-15	구판
6	ASTM F1166-21 REDLINE	Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities	2021-06-15	구판
7	ASTM F1166-07(2013)	Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities	2013-10-01	구판
8	ASTM F1166-07	Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities	2007-01-01	구판
9	ASTM F1166-95a(2006)	Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment and Facilities	2006-06-01	구판
10	ASTM F1166-95a(2000)	Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment and Facilities	2000-01-01	구판

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